編者：T客匯 楊麗

核心提示：當(dāng)CIO們忙著擴(kuò)大公司信息技術(shù)的影響力，利用數(shù)字化帶來(lái)的紅利提供服務(wù)時(shí)，他們?nèi)孕枰_保IT運(yùn)營(yíng)的卓越性。

在Gartner Symposium/ITxpo?會(huì)上，Gartner 分析師 David Cappuccio表示，盡管IT技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍更為廣泛，但也必須保持優(yōu)秀的IT運(yùn)營(yíng)能力。否則，IT運(yùn)營(yíng)能力的下滑，后果將會(huì)非常嚴(yán)重，特別是當(dāng)客戶非常依賴(lài)數(shù)字化的今天。

例如，他提到，如果失去一位客戶，那么想要再將客戶贏回，那么幾乎要花四倍的價(jià)錢(qián)。如果IT運(yùn)營(yíng)能力不夠優(yōu)秀的話，那么客戶基本留不住。

但是，如果能利用如今的工具和最好的實(shí)施辦法，甚至都不擁有自己的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，頂尖的IT細(xì)分部門(mén)將會(huì)比之前更好的運(yùn)營(yíng)自己的技術(shù)架構(gòu)。“如果能正確運(yùn)用，那么你可以集中管控，分配并自動(dòng)化管理?！?/p>

Cappuccio指出，未來(lái)影響IT運(yùn)營(yíng)的十大技術(shù)趨勢(shì)主要分布在三個(gè)領(lǐng)域：戰(zhàn)略，技術(shù)，組織。如下：

1.Disappearing data centers

It’s no secret that organizations are now equally as infatuated with the cloud as they were once wary of it. It’s important to remember that “even those these workloads are moving, we in IT are still responsible for them,” said Cappuccio. So IT has to get really smart about what to put in the cloud and where, and always think of the downstream effects on things such as storage and bandwidth.

1、數(shù)據(jù)中心正在消失

此前，IT部門(mén)對(duì)云計(jì)算憂心忡忡，如今他們同樣也被云計(jì)算帶來(lái)的紅利沖昏了頭腦?！熬退阌写罅抗ぷ髁鞒陶谶w移，但I(xiàn)T技術(shù)的重要性仍然不可磨滅，”Cappuccio提到。因此，IT部門(mén)必須要明確認(rèn)識(shí)到：哪些數(shù)據(jù)遷至云端，上了云又遷到哪個(gè)位置，并且還要時(shí)刻考慮存儲(chǔ)和帶寬等問(wèn)題的下游影響。

2.Interconnect fabrics

With more services and applications being connected to different clouds and vendors as well back to internal systems, IT needs to orchestrate the ways they all interconnect in a purposeful manner. They ultimately want “services delivered from the right place, for the right price, from the right platform.”

2、互聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)

隨著越來(lái)越多的服務(wù)和應(yīng)用開(kāi)始連接到不同的云和供應(yīng)商內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)，IT技術(shù)需要有目的性地針對(duì)互聯(lián)方式進(jìn)行編排。IT技術(shù)的使用者最終希望“從正確的地方，以正確的價(jià)格，在正確的平臺(tái)上提供服務(wù)”。

3. Containers, microservices, and application streams

Containers represent the new technology to embody agile development and deliver applications in faster and more modular ways. “It makes IT a much more dynamic entity.”

3、容器、微服務(wù)和應(yīng)用程序流

容器代表著以更快的速度，更具模塊化的方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)靈敏開(kāi)發(fā)，并交付應(yīng)用程序的新技術(shù)。這使得IT技術(shù)成為一個(gè)更為動(dòng)態(tài)的實(shí)體。

4.Business-driven IT

“At least 29% of IT spend is outside the IT organization.” That’s because IT and its processes are too slow and cumbersome, so business units just outsource it themselves. IT needs to reset the playing field, not to get more control but to get more involved.

4、商業(yè)驅(qū)動(dòng)IT

“至少有29%的IT預(yù)算并沒(méi)有用在IT部門(mén)。”這是因?yàn)镮T技術(shù)及運(yùn)行過(guò)程太慢太繁瑣，因此業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)常常將技術(shù)外包。需要將IT技術(shù)重新作出規(guī)劃，提升技術(shù)的參與度而非控制力。

5.Data Center as a Service

Cappuccio’s message here was that “it’s about the application, not the infrastructure” and “it’s not about ‘my data center’—it’s about delivering compute resources to the business, the best way possible.”

5、數(shù)據(jù)中心即服務(wù)

Cappuccio還提到，“數(shù)據(jù)中心即服務(wù)與應(yīng)用平臺(tái)相關(guān)，而非基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)。不要認(rèn)為這是‘我的’數(shù)據(jù)中心，而是要認(rèn)為為業(yè)務(wù)提供計(jì)算資源。這或許是最好的方式?！?/p>

6.Stranded capacity

Sysadmins have one primary metric: if it’s red, fix it, and if it’s green, leave it alone. The problem with that is that lots of green things take up resources and cost money even after they no longer serve a purpose. That’s how we end up with ghost servers and VM creep. It has to apply discipline to this in order to manage costs.

6、能力擱淺

Sysadmin（系統(tǒng)管理程序）有一個(gè)主要指標(biāo)：如果是紅色，就進(jìn)行修改。如果是綠色，就不用管了。不過(guò)，問(wèn)題在于，這些大量的綠色指標(biāo)占用資源，甚至在他們不再為目的服務(wù)后也十分費(fèi)錢(qián)。因此，數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)中線附近的近28%的物理服務(wù)器是幽靈服務(wù)器或僵尸服務(wù)器。因此，必須通過(guò)制度來(lái)管理成本。

7.Impact of the IoT

IoT projects and deployments are popping up everywhere from business units chasing new business value. However, they are creating a tremendous amount of complexity, vendor lock-in, and integration challenges. The relative immaturity of IoT also makes it a bit difficult for IT to get its arms around it.

7、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的影響

從業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)到追逐新的業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)項(xiàng)目及部署隨處可見(jiàn)。但這也同時(shí)帶來(lái)了復(fù)雜性、被供應(yīng)商綁定、以及集成上的眾多挑戰(zhàn)。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)并不十分成熟，使得IT技術(shù)也不能很好發(fā)揮出物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的作用。

8.Remote device (thing) management

For Cappuccio, the lack of an industry standard IoT software platform means that IT will be called on to integrate IoT products and deployments. “At some point, IT is going to have to support these things.” For that reason, IT needs to think about architecting a solution for when the organization moves to an enterprise-wide IoT strategy. It’s bound to happen as IoT matures and proliferates, and if IT doesn’t act then the organizations could end up with dozens of incompatible systems.

8、遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備管理

由于IOT軟件平臺(tái)缺乏行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這意味著IT技術(shù)需要集成在IOT產(chǎn)品和部署中?！霸谀撤N程度上，IT技術(shù)也不得不支持這些事情。因此，當(dāng)IT部門(mén)轉(zhuǎn)向企業(yè)級(jí)IOT戰(zhàn)略部署時(shí)，IT技術(shù)需要構(gòu)建相應(yīng)的解決方案。隨著IOT的不斷成熟和發(fā)展，這種情況必然會(huì)發(fā)生。如果IT技術(shù)沒(méi)有得到相應(yīng)的升級(jí)，那么IT部門(mén)最終會(huì)遇到幾十個(gè)不兼容系統(tǒng)的麻煩?！?/p>

9.Micro and edge computing environments

With today’s enterprises pushing massive amounts of data to many different clouds and backend systems, performance can become an issue. This can become especially problematic when uber-fast, real-time data analysis or machine learning is in play. That’s why smart IT departments are architecting new networks that can push processing out to the “edge” of the network.

9、微型和邊緣計(jì)算環(huán)境

隨著當(dāng)今企業(yè)將大量數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)讲煌脑破脚_(tái)和后端系統(tǒng)，性能則成為需要邁過(guò)的一道坎兒。尤其是在快速迭代、實(shí)時(shí)更新的數(shù)據(jù)分析或機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)揮作用時(shí)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題尤為明顯。這就是為什么聰明的IT部門(mén)正在構(gòu)建新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可以將網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算過(guò)程“邊緣化”。

10.New roles in IT

With all of these tectonic plates shifting, it creates the demand for different types of job roles that IT hasn’t had in the past. The slide below shows the six that Cappuccio has flagged. He stressed that IoT Architect is one that Gartner is pushing and Strategy Architect is one who plans out API-powered ecosystems (like the ones mentioned in Sondergaard’s keynote).

10、IT技術(shù)新角色

現(xiàn)在，所有以上內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)移，產(chǎn)生了不同IT崗位角色的需求。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)師（Gartner Architect）是Gartner正強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)崗位，而戰(zhàn)略架構(gòu)師（Strategy Architect）的任務(wù)正是為了建立API接口驅(qū)動(dòng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

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